HISTORY OF ® ® ®
WINDERMERE PARISH CHURCH
WITH EU3HTEEN ILLUSTRATIONS
By Rev, EUSTON J. NURSE, JMLA,
RECTOR OF WINOERMEI^JQ
Ml
CORNELL
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
THE
WORDSWORTH COLLECTION
FOUNDED BY
CYNTHIA MORGAN ST. JOHN
THE GIFT OF
VICTOR EMANUEL
OF THE CLASS OF I919
History of
The Windermere Parish Church.
EXTERIOR OF WINDERMERE PARISH CHURCH
SHOWING LYCH GATE.
Cornell University
Library
The original of this book is in
the Cornell University Library.
There are no known copyright restrictions in
the United States on the use of the text.
http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924104038637
EXTERI :
HISTORY OF THE
PARISH CHURCH
WINDERMERE
(sometimes erroneously called
bowness parish church.)
WITH 18 ILLUSTRATIONS
BY REV.
EUSTON J. NURSE, M.A.
RECTOR OF WINDERMERE
author of
History of the Captivity and
Return of the Jews (Stock).
Life of Christ during His Ministry
(Church Army).
Family Prayers (Simpkin Marshall).
COPYRIGHT AND ENTERED
AT STATIONERS' HALL.
\
-#
\&*r<r~~~
-HZf
bowness-on-windermere :
Boynton & Marshall, Old Art School,
1908.
PREFACE.
The eagerness with which 10,000 pamphlets
describing briefly our Ancient Parish Church of
Windermere are annually taken and read by
residents and visitors alike during week-days gives
me every hope that this volume of 100 pages with
18 illustrations will be equally appreciated by the
public who " Thirst for Knowledge."
All the printing has been done in Windermere
to encourage local trade, I am therefore practically
my own publisher so that all the profits (if any)
from the Sale of this Book will be given to some
Parochial object.
I have to thank Mr. George Browne of Trout-
beck for his help in connection with the account
of the Rectors of Windermere.
I am indebted to the late Henry Hughes for the
" Art of Glass Painting," Mr. Thomas Curtis
(Messrs. Ward & Hughes, London), for the
description and blocks of their windows, to Mr.
PREFACE.
George Moore for a " block " and description of
his window ; to Mr. Grylls (Burleson & Grylls,
London) for the " Key of the East Window," to
Mr. Waters for the photographs of the Church
before restoration, and Mr. Herbert and Mr. Bruns-
kill for the more recent ones which are reproduced
in this book, and to the late Frederick Clowes and
James Stockdale for extracts taken from their
descriptions of the East Window and to Canon
Rawnsley for the description of the Church Plate.
I have published these facts in a series of
articles in the Parish Magazine; in addition to this
1000 copies have been printed off each month and
thus little by little has this work been accomplished.
I mention this in case someone may imitate the
plan which I have adopted which is inexpensive,
comparatively easy and most interesting to a
Rector or Vicar, and I hope to the public.
I apologise for mistakes and lack of literary
style.
Lcurlan.j JjUsrsz-*
The Rectory,
Windermere, March 1st, 7908.
INDEX.
Date of Church ... ... ... ... 3
Mural Decorations ... ... ... ... 5
Frescoes ... ... ... ... ... 10
Gunpowder Plot ... ... ... ... 14
The Beams ... ... ... ... ... 16
Rectors ... ... ... ... ... 17
Churchwardens ... ... ... ... 29
The East Window ... ... ... ... 31
The Restored East Window ... ... ... 37
Key Plan of East Window ... ... ... 50
The Carrier's Arms ... ... ... ... 55
The Art of Glass Painting ... ... ... 56
Church Plate ... ... ... ... 62
Case for Chained Books ... ... ... 64
The Church Yard ... ... ... ... 67
The Parish ... ... ... ... ... 68
The Rectory... ... ... ... ... 70
The Forwood Window ... ... ... 71
The Curates... ... ... ... ... 73
Mural Tablets ... ... ... ... 74
Bellasis Memorial Window ... ... ... 78
Canon Stock Gift Window ... ... ... 79
Watson Memorial Window ... ... ... 80
Clowes Memorial Window ... ... ... 82
ILLUSTRATIONS.
The Church (interior) before Restoration.
The Church (exterior) before Restoration.
The Church (interior) after Restoration.
The Church (exterior) after Restoration.
The Frescoes — The Entombment.
The Frescoes — The Visit of the Magi.
The Mural Inscriptions.
The Runic Cross.
Gunpowder Plot Inscription.
The Chalice,
The West End of Church.
The Rectory.
The Attock Window.
The Bellasis Window.
The Watson Window.
The Stock Window.
The Clowes Window.
Portrait of Canon Stock.
f&\jz ^vobabh Bat* of t)jt Cijmxlj.
fffiERE are various evidences of a Church
having existed on the site of the pre-
sent sacred edifice at a very early
period, but the greater part of the now
restored building is probably comparatively modern.
Archceologists, Antiquarians and those qualified
to judge, have expressed their opinions that the
ancient floor which was found five feet below the
present floor of the Church indicates that there
was a place of worship over 1000 YEARS AGO on
the very spot on which the present Church now
stands. The ancient wooden building was burnt
to the ground in the 15th Century, the only
evidence we have to prove this assertion is that
the colour of the top of the Sandstone Saxon Font
indicates that it has been discoloured by fire, and
that the Registers prior to the 15th century are
missing.
4 SAINT MARTIN
The present building is believed to have been
built in the year 1480, in the reign of Edward IV.
and was completely restored in 1870 by the late
Rev. Canon Stock at a cost of ^8000.
Haint JKartin
(the patron saint).
The Church is dedicated to St. Martin, who
was born about A.D. 316, at Sabaria, a town in
Hungary. He was the son of a Roman Tribune
and of Pagan parentage. At an early age he
came under Christian influences and at fifteen
was received as a catechumen. Before he could
be baptised he was sent to join the army in Gaul.
The legion in which he served was quartered at
Amiens in the year 332, and the winter of that
year was of such severity that men died in the
street from excessive cold. It happened one day
that St. Martin on going out of the gate of the
city was met by a poor naked beggar, shivering
with cold, and he feeling compassion for him, and
having nothing but his cloak and his sword, he
divided his cloak with his sword and gave one half
of it to the beggar, covering himself as well as he
was able with the other half. The legend is
that on that very night in a dream he beheld the
Lord Jesus, who stood before him having on his
shoulders the half of the cloak which he had
SAINT MARTIN 5
bestowed on the beggar, and Jesus said to the
Angels who were around Him, " Know ye who
hath thus arrayed ME. ? My servant Martin,
though yet unbaptised, hath done this ! "
St. Martin after this vision hastened to be
baptised. He left the army at the age of 40, and
became Bishop of Tours in A.D. 371. The fame
of his sanctity attracted crowds of visitants from
all parts of Gaul, he died in A.D. 400 in a mon-
astry near Tours, which he had established. A
Church was then built and dedicated to his
memory by St. Ninian at Whithorn in Galloway.
The best authorities suppose that the Diocese
over which St. Ninian presided extended from the
modern Glasgow to Stainmore Cross on the borders
of Westmorland, in which case the ancient Parish
of Windermere would necessarily be in that
Diocese.
In the middle of the 5th Century, St. Martin's
Church at Canterbury — one of che oldest Churches
in England — was also dedicated to this Saint.
%\it jKttral Ibror aliens.
The Architecture of the Church is of a very
rude or plain character ; the walls and pillars
being merely rubble work covered with plaster,
presenting before the decorations were effected a
very cold and glaring appearance.
6 THE MURAL DECORATIONS.
An important part of the Mural Decorations
consists of a curious series of inscriptions on
either side of the Nave which were discovered by
the late Rector (Canon Stock) concealed under
several coats of whitewash, they are believed to
have been placed on the walls after the Reform-
ation about A.D., 1590.
We are indebted to the late Rev. John Ayre for
the information that some of these inscriptions are
to be found in a small book entitled ' Short
Questions and Answeares conteining the summe
of Christian Religion with the Testimonies of
Scripture, Imprinted at London at the 3 Cranes
in the Vintree, by Thomas Dawson, 1590."
The Author is Robert Openshawe who writes
V From my Study at Waimouth and Melcombe
Regis, the 18 daye of J any., in the yeare of our
Lord 1548:'
This Book is now in the British Museum.
The Author states in his preface that he has
enlarged certain Short Questions and Answeares"
but he does not state who was the original author ;
some people tell us these inscriptions are taken
from Archbishop Cranmer's Shorter Catechism.
They are printed in Old English characters,
with Old English spelling. Here we give the
modern : —
1 . How many Sacraments are there ?
Two : Baptism and the Supper of the Lord
H mm many [arrauinit© are ft fir:
V) no: feptlstiif.inii fee [upper of fjf ILoifl" .
1 n kptifraf dSirbf j y fijue v maybe fffwr
'Water outfit je^e^G^e^G^es'K)
WbicljeiB tbnyate y cannot be jwme *
^B Br Uttfljingf aroaieof Bwb fyttje HooiV
of dtttF' G^Q^G^Q&te
JitekteliippffiiiiiBflofl
najtefafr
Bn^ati&w-*<3^
Wlncf) \8y$stt y raitnotlit 1 frm
lETjf fcie and fa of (Sfjrifa
Tot|f fUMJjniuia of ^ourfaitfo jimor maity
tljiiige? feirttf yon in kpmrner
T\Do:fiiw loatfrtoafofflj aU^^fiffu^
of y flrftfc: fo f Ihk of (grift tDajjjetJjatow
fymif f runny M fpftniOl^amtaugjjt to riff
a^aitu to news of life , xx^
8 THE MURAL DECORATIONS.
4. To the strengthening of your faith, how many
things learn you in baptism ?
Two : first as water washeth away the filthiness
of the flesh ; so the Blood of Christ washeth
away sin from my soul ; secondly, I am
taught to rise again to newness of life.
5. The cup of blessing which we bless, Is it not
the communion of the Blood of Christ. The
The bread which we break, Is it not the
communion of the Body of Christ ?
The designs are principally bands of Scroll-work
in grisaille heightened with gold, and in the Nave
form a scheme for resetting the old inscriptions,
which have been restored with great care, and only
to such an extent as to make them legible.
There are also texts from the Sermon on the
Mount on scrolls arranged round the walls of the
aisles and each window is adorned with a " hood-
cresting ornament." In these ornaments, the
design of one which existed on the original plaster
has been taken advantage of : though somewhat
rude, it seemed to claim association with the
building, and was a key in some respects to the
construction of the rest.
The texts are as follows, beginning at the East
End of the South Aisle : —
Blessed are the poor in spirit for theirs is the King-
dom of heaven.
Blessed are the meek for they shall inherit the
earth.
Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see
God.
T# tjf ftrmtpfiiyngf of your fdfljjflw mmy
\mttf-fo iivfattlif.Tnv futile 0# fraftf rfy bflfti?
mCfioti and fii0 rifcteatf as lurlvf Iml
tti) W tow mnft a8ffjo# t»y ^
&0 tfa breaflf and minF tnmfft into ^ Godftir
and titorof iljriftr
No.fmif you turn* oitakeaunivy fujiie tjjat
may l)f ff nr it in no fanamrat »
3n pinje to j lair of tlje 10, to#at
o^tamautoronlito*or to jnynrijaltt
THE MURAL DECORATIONS. 9
Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain
mercy.
Blessed are the peacemakers for they shall be called
the children of God.
Be ye therefore perfect as your Father in heaven
is perfect.
The texts on the North Aisle beginning at the
West End are as follows : —
Ask and it shall be given you.
Seek and }e shall find.
Seek ye first the Kingdom of God and His right-
eousness, for where your treasure is there
will your heart be also.
Love your enemies.
Do good to them that hate you.
Blessed are ye that hunger now for ye shall be filled.
Praise God in His Sanctuary.
JJnsrriptxon upon the ^Ijirb pillar
in tljs ^tafo.
This inscription was placed over where the Old
Pulpit stood. The text is taken from Coverdale's
Bible which was printed in the reign of Henry
VIII, A.D. 1535, and is in Old English letters —
the word " improove " is now reprove " in the
Authorised Version.
10 THE MURAL DECORATIONS.
We give here the modern letters and spelling : —
Preach the word,
be instant in season,
out of season, improve
rebuke, exhort in all long-
suffering and doctrine.
II Timothy IV, 2.
Here we give the inscription in Old English
spelling : —
Preach the worrd
be instant in season,
out of season, improove
rebuke, exhort in all long
suffering and doctorine.
11 Tim. : R 11
v
Chap. 4
The ancient inscriptions, sometimes thought to be
Archbishop Cranmer's Shorter Catechism, have
been a starting point or key to the whole design of
mural decoration so effectively carried out in en-
caustic tempora and oils by Mr. Hughes when the
Church was restored in 1870. The style of the
architecture may be said to be unique, consequently
it required a special treatment in its decoration.
It was necessary to keep the style of the painting
subdued and quiet, so as not to destroy the general
character of the interior.
THE FRESCOES. 11
The object, as regards style of decoration, has
been to maintain an agreeable and cheerful tone
over the whole, accepting the local colour of the
walls, in preference to painting over in washes.
The lines are in freehand, as opposed to stencilling
mostly in chocolate and vandyke brown, black, red
and yellow being used occasionally to heighten the
effect.
The general design of these decorations is to
show forth the course and order of the Christian
Church.
At the East End we have the leading events of
the first Advent set forth by pictorial represent-
ations. And as we pass from East to West, there
is in like manner indicated, by text and symbol the
work of the Church in preparing the world for the
Second Advent by preaching the word of God, the
meaning of the Sacraments, and Catechetical
teaching.
The Chancel has naturally received more elabor-
ate treatment than the Nave, and here we have two
beautiful Frescoes on the north and south side
respectively, so arranged as to form a triptych.
The design on the North Side represents The
Adoration of the Magi.
"Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of
Judaea in the days of Herod the King, behold there
came Wise Men from the East to Jerusalem,
saying, "Where is He that is born King of the
Jews ? for we have seen His star in the East and
12 THE FRESCOES,
are come to worship Him. . . . Then Herod
sent them to Bethlehem. . . . And lo, the
star which they saw in the East went before them,
till it came and stood over where the young child
was. When they saw the star, they rejoiced with
exceeding great joy. And when they were come
into the house, they saw the young Child with
Mary His mother, and fell down and worshipped
Him, and when they had opened their treasures,
they presented unto Him gifts — gold, frankincense
and myrrh.— (Matt. II, 1 & 8).
The design on the South Side of the Chancel
represents The Entombment of our Lord.
"And after this, Joseph of Arimathsea, being a
disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews,
besought Pilate that he might take away the body
of Jesus : and Pilate gave him leave. He came
therefore, and took the body of Jesus. And there
came also Nicodemus, which at the first came to
Jesus by night, and brought a mixture of myrrh and
aloes, about an hundred pound weight. And they
took the body of Jesus, and wound it in linen
clothes with the spices, as the manner of the Jews
is to bury. Now in the place where He was cruci-
fied there was a garden ; and in the garden a new
sepulchre wherein was never man yet laid. There
laid they Jesus therefore, because of the Jews pre-
paration day, for the sepulchre was nigh at hand. —
(St, John, XIX, 38-42).
The idea of the artist has been to present in one
view the principal events of our Lord's history —
His earliest years. His Cross and Passion in the
East window (which we shall describe fully later
on), His honourable Burial, and the Resurrection
(which may be seen depicted in another window
in the Church).
THE FRESCOES. 13
These pictures are elaborately framed in con-
ventional roses, lilies, etc., and we may note the
pleasing effect of the symbolical vine climbing about
the East Window, suggestive of a Jesse branch,
ending in a cross at the apex of the window.
On the West wall, above the arch, there is a
fresco which gives dignity to a part of the Church
which, before it was placed there, had a somewhat
mean aspect. It represents Our Lord in glory,
surrounded by the Holy Angels, the inscription
underneath being —
" He shall come with His Holy Angels."
On the South side of the arch is inscribed — ■•
Worthy is the Lamb that was slain to receive
power and glory ! ' '
On the North side of the arch is inscribed —
"And wisdom and strength and honour and
glory and blessing."
Our Lord is represented seated on a throne with
orb and sceptre in hand enclosed in a " vesica
piscis," the borders of which contain adoring cheru-
bims ; then there is a border of conventional clouds,
and in the panels on each side are groups of Angels.
The background is richly lighted with stars.
These frescoes are, perhaps, the most important
parts of the decorations : they were painted by Mr.
Henry Hughes, who, with the conventional de-
manded by the surroundings, has succeeded in
combining great devotional feeling with pictorial
effect.
14 THE GUNPOWDER PLOT.
Inscription to (Komtrantorat* tfa failure
of tlj* dwnnotote |pioi
On the soffit of the arch opposite the small South
door is an inscription by a good Protestant in com-
memoration of the failure of the Gunpowder Plot
in 1605.
The author signs himself " CHRISTOPHER
PHILIPSON Generosus." The Philipsons are
said to have held Belle Isle against the soldiers of
Oliver Cromwell in the Civil Wars, and one mem-
ber of the family, best known as " Robin the
Devil " rode from Windermere to Kendal in pur-
suit of his enemy Colonel Briggs, galloped through
the open door of the Church, and not finding his
victim there, rode his horse out again and escaped
with the loss of his helmet, which was knocked off
as he passed through the doorway. The helmet
still hangs in Kendal Parish Church and is known
as the " rebel's cap."
As Protestants, Royalists, and Churchmen, the
ancient Parish Church of Windermere was prob-
ably the object of the special care of the Philipson
family, some of the most distinguished members
being buried within its walls.
The following inscription, in the form of Latin
verses, was put up in A.D. 1629 — 24 years after
the discovery of the Plot.
It is painted on the whitewash, and does not
belong to the same series as those known as " Cran-
LATIN INSCRIPTION RESPECTING THE
GUNPOWDER PLOT,
THE GUNPOWDER PLOT. 15
mer's Shorter Catechism " which are upon the
original plaster of the Church.
Hie est ille dies renovante celebrior anno
Quem facit et proprio signat amore Deus
Euge boni ! stygiis quae conjurata tenebris
Nunc mala Divina fabula facta manu
Anglia, mole suas mox conspicienda ruinae
Psallat, ut aetherea libera mansit ope
Exulat Anglia
Faucibus eripior Fauxis, quasicarcere mortis
Gloria in excelsis ! hinc mini tuta salus
Christopherus Philipson, Jun., Generosus, 1629.
The following is a Literal Translation.
This is that day* more famed as each year brings
it round, which God himself appoints and marks
with his peculiar favour.
Rejoice ye who are good ! The mischief con-
spired in (or by) Stygian darkness has been now
made an empty tale by the hand of Providence.
England which was shortly to be conspicuous for
the greatness of its ruin may now sing hymns since
she has remained free by the aid of Heaven.
England expresses her great joy.
I am delivered from the jaws of Faux as from a
prison of death. Glory to God in the highest !
Hence is my secret safety.
Christopher Philipson, Junior, Gentlemen, 1629.
* The Anniversary of the Gunpowder Plot.
16
THE BEAMS.
%\)t KsUams.
The rude oak timbers of the Roof have been em-
belished with a double series of texts, which carries
the eye upwards, and makes interesting the other-
wise dull effect of the oak beams.
The texts, painted in Old English characters,
beginning from the East looking eastwards are —
Beam 1. I am the Bread of Life.
2. I am the true Vine.
3. Abide in Me and I in you.
4. I am the Good Shepherd.
5. God is Love.
6. Love one another.
7. God is Light.
8. I am the Light of the World.
The texts beginning from the West looking
towards the west are —
Beam 9. Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God Al-
mighty.
,, 8. On Earth peace goodwill towards
men.
7. Glory to god in the highest.
6. Pray without ceasing.
5. In everything give thanks.
4. Love the Brotherhood.
3. Fear God, honour the King.
2. He that eateth Me shall live by Me.
1. I will come and sup with Him.
RECTORS OF WINDERMERE. 17
floors of WLinbtxmtxt.
Adam Carus 1548-1586.
John Lindow, 1586-1594.
William Sawrey, 1594-1610.
Thomas Bousfield, 1610-1627.
James Wakefield, 1627-1644.
Richard Archer, 1645-1652.
William Wilson, 1652-1705.
William Barton, 1705-1719.
William Crosby, 1719-1728.
Girlington Butler Barton, 1728-1763.
Giles Moore, 1763-1779.
William Barton, 1779-1823.
Sir Richard le Fleming, Bart, 1823-1857.
Edward Feche Stock, 1857-1904.
Euston John Nurse, 1904-
The following particulars have been kindly fur-
nished by Mr. George Browne, of Troutbeck.
Adam Carus, 1548-1586.
Adam Carus was probably the first Rector of
Windermere after the Reformation, he was the son
of William Carus, of Esthwaite, Whinfell, in the
Parish of Kendal, and his wife Isabella Laybourne,
daughter of Thomas Laybourne, of Cunswick in
the county of Westmorland, and brother to Sir
Thomas Carus, Knt, one of the Justices of the
Queen's Bench in 1546. No record can be found
of his Institution, it must have been prior to the
18 RECTORS OF WINDERMERE.
foundation of the Bishopric of Chester in 1541 as
there is no entry of his institution in the Chester Reg-
istry. His name is, however, in the List of Clergy
at the Bishop of Chester's visitation in 1558.
Adam Carus appears to have looked after the
worldly as well as the spiritual affairs of his
parishioners for he was one of the supervisors
of the will of George Browne, of Troutbeck, dated
March 8th, 1558, and in 1566 of the will of Agnes
the widow of the said George.
In 1568 he was an Arbitrator in a dispute
between James Cookson and Thomas and Chris-
topher Browne about some land in the Hall in
Troutbeck. In the first consecration deed of
Troutbeck Chappell by William Downham, Bishop
of Chester, July 18th, 1562, it is mentioned that it
was done " with the express consent and assent
of that worshipful man Adam Carus, clarke, Rector
of the Parish Church of Windermere." Adam
Carus died in 1586, and was succeeded by John
Lindow.
John Lindow, 1586-1594.
John Lindow was, according to the records in
the Registers at Chester, instituted Rector of
" Winandermer on April 28th, 1586, on the death
of Adam Carus." The presentation was made
by Miles Philipson and Thomas Benson, the pat-
rons. He was succeeded in 1594 by William
Sawrey — either after his death or resignation.
rectors of windermere. 19
William Sawrey, 1594-1610.
William Sawrey was the second son of Henry
Sawrey, of Plumpton, near Ulverston, and Jane the
daughter of William Curus, of Esthwaite, and
sister to Adam Carus, the Rector before mentioned.
He was baptised at Ulverston on Sept. 4th, 1564,
and was instituted Vicar of Preston, Dec. 21st, in
1592, and to the Rectory of Windermere in June,
1594, which he held with the Vicarage of Preston
until 1603 when he resigned the latter but relin-
quished the Rectory of Windermere by death or
resignation in 1610, and was succeeded to the
Rectory of Windermere by Thomas Bousfield.
Thomas Bousfield, 1610 1627.
Thomas Bousfield. — From the following memor-
andum in the Windermere Parish Registers it
will be seen that he was Rector in 1610. — " Mem-
orandum that I, Thomas Bousfield, Parson of the
Rectorye of Windermer alias Winandermer have
read the Articles of Reyligion and instituted the
XVth of July, 1610, being the Saboth, in the
audience of the Congregation." This memorandum
was signed by the Rector, Curate, Churchwardens,
and Parish Clerk.
During his Rectorship the Windermere Gram-
mar School was founded and as one of the school
founders his name will always be remembered in
the Parish. The deed of foundation is dated Jan.
20th, 1613. On the 23rd of Oct., 1622, he wrote
20 RECTORS OF WINDERMERE.
a letter to Richard Pearson, Curate of Troutbeck,
absolving one Adam Birkett from the sentence of
excommunication by authority from the Bishop of
Chester. This letter is now amongst the records
in Troutbeck Church.
He assisted in settling the disputes of his
parishioners on July 31st, 1624 for he was one
of the arbitrators in a dispute between George
Airey and Robert Wilson, both of Troutbeck.
He died in the month of March, 1627. His will
is in Somerset House dated March 2nd, 1627,
and the inventory deposited with it is dated March
29th, 1627, and proved April 7th, 1627. N.B.— It
was a common thing to take an inventory on the
day of death.
James Wakefield, 1627-1644.
James Wakefield was instituted to the Rectory
of Windermere in Dec, 1627, on the presentation
of Christopher Philipson, of Crook, and Gowan
Braithwaite, of Ambleside.
An award was made in Dec, 1627 by Christopher
Phillipson, of Calgarth, and Gowan Braithwaite,
of Ambleside, concerning some trees cut down and
taken away from the Parsonage and Glebe Land
of Windermer.
Several persons were ordered to pay certain
sums, the largest being paid by Margaret Roberts
(widdowe) late wife of Thomas Roberts, for felling
eleven trees, thirty-six shillings and eightpence.
RECTORS OF WINDERMERE. 21
On Feb 2nd, 1633, a new deed was made for the
Windermere Grammar School. He was a party
to the Foundation of Troutbeck School Deed dated
July 29th, 1639.
During his Rectorship, Borwick's Charity was
founded, by a Deed dated Dec. 20th, 1638, " for
and towards putting forth of Poor Children within
the Parish of Windermere to Apprentices to some
honest trades whose parents ure not able to main-
tain them — or for the help of poor scholars, or for
poor, needy, and impotent people in the parish
aforesaid."
The £\00 was invested in 1679 when a small
estate was purchased at Natland, near Kendal. At
the present time it is let for £20 a year. James
Wakefield died about the month of Sept., 1644.
An inventory of his goods is amongst the Richmond
wills dated Oct. 3rd, 1644.
Richard Archer, 1645-1652.
Richard Archer, B.D., was instituced in Feb.
12th, 1644-5, on the presentation of Gowan
Braithwaite de Ambleside, Huddleston Philipson
de Crook and Mary Philipson of the said Crook.
He was the son of Edward Archer, and was born
at Kendal, 1610, and proceeded to Queen's College,
Oxford, in 1625, took his B.A. degree in 1630, and
M.A. in 1633, and was elected a Fellow of the
College in 1633, and was Junior Bursar from 1641
to 1642, and took his B.D. degree in 1642. In
22 RECTORS OF WINDERMERE.
1642-43 he, along with eleven other Fellows,
received 5d. a week for seven weeks in lieu of
Commons, the College being broken up for that
period on the occasion of the coming of the enemy.
Part of the Rectory was rebuilt by him which
he held till his death in Nov. 1652. The following
is the entry in the Windermere Registers of his
burial : " Richard Archer, parson of Windermere,
buried the 16th of Nov., 1652."
William Wilson, 1657-1705.
William Wilson was (according to the State
papers 1660-1) "presented to the Rectory of Win-
dermere in 1657, but could not be legally instituted
on account of the late tyranny till 1660. He was
the son of Thomas Wilson, of Kendal by his wife
Dorothy, daughter of Henry Fisher, of Bradley-
field, near Kendal. He was educated at Queen's
College, Oxford. In 1662 he married Elizabeth,
daughter of Samuel Sandys, of Esthwaite. While
he was Rector, Borwick's charity was recovered,
and in 1679 an estate was purchased at Natland
which now brings in ^"20 a year and is divided
amongst the poor of the ancient parish of Winder-
mere at the Annual Easter Vestry meeting.
During his Rectorship the Quakers (as appears
from Sir Daniel Fleming's manuscripts) began to
be pugnatious and troublesome. " On Dec. 25th,
1666 (Christmas Day) a Quaker woman stood up
RECTORS OF WINDERMERE. 23
in the middle of the church during Mr. Wilson's
sermon and used slanderous language against him."
On the 10th of Dec, 1677, another Quaker
named Thomas Williamson disturbed Mr. Wilson
and the congregation by speaking aloud in the
parish church, and was committed to prison by
Sir Richard Fleming, Justice, till the sessions and
then set at liberty.
William Wilson died in 1705 aged 75 years and
was buried in the chancel.
William Barton, 1705-1719.
William Barton was Curate at Lancaster Parish
Church in 1702, in 1703 was Vicar of Bolton-le-
Sands and in 1705 became Rector of Windermere.
He married Magdalen, daughter of Mr. Butler
Ratcliffe by whom he had two sons, one of whom,
Girlington Butler Barton, was afterwards Rector
of Windermere.
After the death of Rev. William Barton, on Jan.
15th, 1719, his widow married James Bisse, of
London, in 1721. Mr. Bisse appears to have got
into trouble through killing a Mr. Croft in a duel.
After the death of Mr. Bisse his widow married
in 1731 a third husband, Mr. Thomas Philipson,
the last of the Rayrigg Philipsons. She was living
in 1747 and again a widow.
William Crosby, 1719-1728.
William Crosby, M.A., was born in the city of
Durham in 1664, was educated at Trinity College,
24 RECTORS OF WINDERMERE.
Cambridge, of which college he was a fellow, and
became Vicar of Kendal in 1699 and Rector of
Windermere in 1719.
During his Rectorship the Quakers again became
troublesome, refusing to pay tithes, and it was an
annual thing to take proceedings and distrain their
goods.
Mr. Crosby resigned the Rectory of Windermere
in 1728 but retained the Vicarage of Kendal till
his death in 1733, and was buried in the Parish
Church at Kendal in front of the Communion
Table.
Girlington Butler Barton, 1728-1763.
Girlington Butler Barton was the elder son of
the Rev. William Barton, a former Rector. He
married in 1743 Jane Sharpe, daughter of William
Sharpe (one of the parishioners) by whom he had
several children. William, the eldest, succeeded
Giles Moore as Rector. In 1755 the Lord's
Prayer and Ten Commandments in the Church
were re-framed and new painted. He died in 1763
having been Rector for nearly 35 years and was
buried in the chancel at the north end of the
Communion Table.
Giles Moore, 1763-1779.
Giles Moore was the elder son of John Moore,
of Grimeshill, near Kirkby Lonsdale, the repre-
sentative of the ancient family of Middleton, of
RECTORS OF WINDERMERE. 25
Middleton Hall in the county of Westmorland. He
made considerable improvements in the Rector}'
House and died in 1779 and was buried at Win-
dermere.
William Barton, 1779-1823.
William Barton was the eldest son of Girlington
Butler Barton, the preceding Rector to Giles Moore.
Mr. Barton married a Miss Ann Braken who pre-
deceased him. There is a tablet to his memory in
the chancel inscribed " In memory of the Rev.
William Barton, 43 years Rector of this Parish, died
the 3rd day of February, 1823." He was a Justice
of the Peace (the only one in the parish).
Sir Richard le Fleming, Bart., 1823-1857.
Sir Richard le Fleming was both Rector of
Grasmere from 1821 and Rector of Windermere
from 1823, and held both livings up to the time of
his death in 1857.
Edward Peche Stock, 1857-1904.
Edward Peche Stock was the fifth son of the
Rev. John Stock, Vicar of Finchingfield, Essex,
and was born in 1826. He took his B.A. degree
at St. John's College, Cambridge in 1851, and M.A.
in 1854. In 1854 he was ordained Priest at Prest-
wich and in the same year married Penelope,
daughter of Richard and Mary Ann Cope, of Man-
26 RECTORS OF WINDERMERE.
Chester; the ceremony being performed by his
father in Manchester Cathedral. From 1854 to
1857 he was Curate of Radcliffe in Lancashire.
He was instituted and inducted in 1857 to the
Rectory of Windermere. When he came to Win-
dermere there was only one school — the Grammar
School — and this served for both boys and girls.
As the Parish increased in population, he was
instrumental in building the Girls' School in 1867-8
and also the Infants' School in 1894, the latter
costing ^"1,530. He was Chairman of the Gover-
nors both of the Grammar School and the Elemen-
tary Schools from the time he became Rector till
the day of his death.
In 1870 he restored the Church at a cost of over
^"8,000, when the tower was raised, a peal of eight
bells hung, the chancel lengthened, and a vestry
added. During the process of the restoration, the
inscriptions in the nave were discovered by Mr.
Stock concealed under several coats of whitewash,
these inscriptions were renewed and the frescoes
on the wall added. The East Window was
restored by Mr. Henry Hughes, of London, and
the Reredos presented by Mr. H. W. Schneider.
In 1892 he was presented with a cheque by the
parishioners with which he placed a stained glass
window at the East end of the South Aisle.
In 1871 he was appointed an Honorary Canon
of Carlisle Cathedral. He died on October 16th,
THE LATE CANON EDWARD PECHE STOCK
(RECTOR OF WINDERMERE, 1857-1904).
;
RECTORS OF WINDERMERE. 27
1904, aged 77 years, having been 47 years Rector
of the Parish.
A Church Room has been built to his memory
costing ^"1,000.
Euston John Nurse, 1904 — .
Euston John Nurse is the youngest son of the
late Rev. G. T. Nurse, M.A., and was born at
Wicken Hall, Cambridgeshire, in 1864, and named
after his father's parish of Euston, Suffolk. He
was educated at King Edward VI School, Bury
St. Edmunds, and proceeded to Gonville and Caius
College, Cambridge, in 1883, where he took his
B.A. degree in 1886 and M.A. in 1890.
Mr. Nurse on leaving College commenced par-
ochial work in the East End of London as a Lay
Reader in the Parish of St. Anthony, Stepney.
He was ordained Deacon in 1889 and Priest in
1890 by the then Bishop of Worcester and became
Curate at St. John's, Ladywood, Birmingham,
where he remained for 15 years, during which time
he became the author of ' Family Prayers " which
has run through two editions ; the Author of ' The
History of the Captivity and Return of the Jews. 1 "
published by Elliott Stock, London, with a preface
by the Bishop of Manchester ; and the Author of
'''Life of Christ during His Ministry." published
by the Church Army.
In 1897 he married Edith Jane Robins daughter
of the late Dr. E. D. Moore and granddaughter of
28 RECTORS OF WINDERMERE.
the late Brigadier-General George Moore of the
Tndian Army, who was present at the taking of the
Cape of Good Hope, and distinguished himself in
several of the Indian Campaign,
Mr. Nurse has only two brothers, both being
officers in the Indian Army : the elder, Colonel
Charles George Nurse, commands the 33rd Pun-
jaubi Regiment — a fine Regiment of 15 officers and
900 men ; the younger, Major Henry Harvey
Nurse of the 122nd Regiment.
Both brothers have seen Active Service, the
former in the Soudanese Campaign in 1884, receiv-
ing the Medal and Clasp and Bronze Star, the latter
being present in the recent Chinese and Somaliland
Campaigns and receiving the medal for each.
Since the Rector's appointment to Windermere
he has established a Mission Service at Blackwell
Lodge on the Storrs Estate (2 miles from the
Parish Church), and services are held there every
Sunday evening by a Licensed Lay Reader.
Mr. Nurse has also caused the Church to be kept
open during the week for visitors to see and for
private prayer, and holds a daily service therein.
Mr. Nurse was instituted and inducted to the
Rectory of Windermere in 1904 since which time
he has given himself up entirely to parochial work.
Since Mr. Nurse has been Rector, a window has
been placed in the Church by Sir William Forwood,
and the Church Room has been built at a cost of
^"1000 in memory of the late Rector (Canon Stock).
CHURCHWARDENS OF WINDERMERE. 29
GLIjitrrljfoartrims nf tljj> Jgarislj Cljurrb,
Wiinbtxmtit.
We are able to trace the names of all the Church-
wardens from 1858. It will be seen that they are
divided into two divisions. " Rector's " Wardens
and Peoples' " Wardens. The custom has been in
existence for centuries for the 24 Sidesman of the
ancient Parish of Windermere (including the newly
formed parishes of Ambleside, Troutbeck and St.
Mary's and St. John's Windermere) to elect the two
Peoples' Wardens, and the Rector to elect the two
Rector's Wardens. In the Windermere Terrier
dated 1746 the following extract is to be found signed
by the Rector (The Rev. W. Barton) Church-
wardens and the four and twenty or Sidesmen.
The Rector to have the sole power to nominate
the four and twenty Sidesmen, and clerk for the
parrish according to custome."
These old customs are very difficult to alter
and cannot be changed except by special Act of
Parliament.
RECTOR'S WARDENS
1858-9.
G. A, Aufrere,
G
■ Gregg.
1860.
Rev. T. Staniforth
T.
Ullock.
1861-6.
Rev. T. Staniforth
T.
Ullock.
1867.
Rev. T. Staniforth
T.
Ullock.
1868-9.
Rev. T. Staniforth
F.
Clowes.
1870-1.
Rev. T. Staniforth
F.
Clowes.
1872-3.
H. W. Schneider
F.
Clowes.
1874-6,
H. W. Schneider
F.
Clowes.
30 CHURCHWARDENS OF WINDERMERE.
1877-9. H. W. Schneider F. Clowes.
1880-1. H. W. Schneider H. G. Gibson.
1882. H. W. Schneider H. G. Gibson.
1883-7. H. W. Schneider H. G. Gibson.
1888-96. Dr. Dobson H. Nicholls.
1897. Dr. Dobson H. Nicholls.
1898-05. Dr. Dobson H. Nicholls.
1906-7. H. Nicholls T. H. Winder.
PEOPLES' WARDENS.
1858-9.
A.
Pattinson
J-
Crosthwaite.
1860.
A.
Pattinson
J-
Crosthwaite.
1861-6.
A.
Pattinson
H. Wright.
1867.
R.
Hayton
H. Wright.
1868-9.
R,
Hayton
J-
Crosthwaite.
1870-1.
A.
Pattinson
J-
Crosthwaite.
1872-3.
J-
Fisher
T
'. T. Holmes.
1874-6.
J.
Fisher
T. Dixon.
1877-9.
J.
Metcalfe
T. Dixon.
1880-1.
J.
Metcalfe
T. Dixon.
1882.
J-
Metcalfe
R. Hayton.
1883-7.
H
. Nicholls
R. Hayton.
1888-96.
T,
, H. Winder
J. Metcalfe.
1897.
T
, H. Winder
J-
C. Harrison.
1S92-05.
T
, H. Winder
G
. S. Holland.
1906-7. J. W. Longton J. G. Robinson.
Jfttural CBpitaplj.
The following epitaph, written by Robert Phil-
ipson (evidently a member of the same family as
Christopher Philipson who wrote the Latin verses
to commemorate the discovery of the Gundowder
Plot) is on a mural tablet on the South Wall : —
The Authors Epitaph upon
Him Self : made in the
Tyme of his sickness.
A man I was. wormes meate I am
To earth returned from whence I came :
Many removes on earth I had
MURAL EPITAPH, 31
In earth at length my bed is made :
Altho' it could not him retain,
His deadlie foes might plainlie see :
Over sinn, and death his victorie,
Here must I rest, till Christ shall let me see,
His promised Jerusalem and her fcelicitie.
Veni Domine Jesu, Veni Cito.
Robert Philipson Gent, x ™„ Octobns Ano salutis
1631 Ano aetata sua? 63 T . J ?-
According to tradition, the large window in the
chancel of Bowness Church, Windermere, was
brought from Furness Abbey, at the time of the
dissolution of that monastry, A.D. 1537. Tradition
may generally be accepted as more or less true ; but
from the following rather strong evidence to the
contrary, it will perhaps scarcely be considered so
in this instance ; on the contrary, it will be seen
that, in all probability this Bowness Church win-
dow, instead of having been brought from Furness
Abbey at the time of che dissolution of that religious
house, was really taken out of the chancel of the
Priory Church of St. Mary, at Cartmel — not at the
time of the dissolution of the lesser religious houses,
A.D. 1535-6 — Cartmel Priory being one of these —
but probably about the end of the reign of Henry
VI, A.D. 1471 — or even later.
Whoever has closely examined the interior of
Cartmel Church will have observed that the chancel
and the two transepts are part of the original Priory
32 THE EAST WINDOW.
Church of St. Mary, founded by the celebrated
William Mareshall the Elder, Earl of Pembroke,
son-in-law of King John, A.D. 1188. Originally the
chancel and two transepts of Cartmel Church must
each of them have been lighted by three or four
lancet-shaped windows, the style of that day, two
of these yet remaining in the north transept, though
blocked up with masonry, and some faint traces
being visible of others in the chancel. About the
reign of King Edward III. (or some of his imme-
diate successors) most of these lancet-shaped
windows seem to have been taken out of the
chancel and the two transepts, and other and much
larger windows of the partially-decorated style
of that period inserted — those put into the two
transepts remaining there intact to this day. About
the reign of King Henry VI. the windows put into
the chancel in the reign of Edward III. or soon
afterwards, seem to have been taken out in order
to insert the noble ramified east window at present
there — forty-eight feet in height and twenty-two
feet in width — filling nearly the whole east end of
the chancel, almost from the ground up to the roof,
and cutting off the communication between the tri-
forium on the south side of the chancel and the
triforium on the north side of the same ; this trifor-
ium having up to the time passed across the east
wall, between both the lancet and the other windows
once there.
EAST WINDOW BEFORE RESTORATION, 1870.
THE EAST WINDOW 33
The insertion of the large east window in the
chancel having displaced the windows put in, as
above mentioned, about the reign of King Edward
III. or his immediate successors, we naturally
enough ask, what became of them ? and as the
window in the chancel of Bowness Church is as
nearly as may be a.fac simile of those now in the
transepts of Cartmel Church — only a little wider,
the chancel of Cartmel Church being wider than
the transepts — there seems to be good reason for
believing that the window now in Bowness Church
is actually one of the windows which, as above
said, were taken out of the chancel of Cartmel
Church ; particularly as it contains the effigy of a
prior of Cartmel; the effigies of William Thorn-
burgh and his wife, of Hampsfield Hall, in Cartmel ;
monks with Cartmel names, praying and turning
their faces towards the Thornburghs ; and lastly
the arms of William Mareshall the Elder, the
founder of Cartmel Priory, in two places. Instill
further proof of these allegations, or rather sugges-
tions, it may be needful to enter into the matter
more fully, and to state that Bowness Church
window is composed of seven lights or compart-
ments, containing much elaborately pencilled,
stained, or painted glass, and amongst many other
effigies and arms pictured there, are the following: —
In the first compartment or light is the the effigy
of a monk kneeling, and over his head these
34 THE EAST WINDOW.
words;- WILLM. PLO .... P'OR OF
KYRKMKL (William Plo . . . . Prior of Kyrk-
mel). In the second light, a knight and his lady
kneeling, habited in surcoats, the knight in chain
armour ; the arms on their surcoats being ermine
fretty gules, for Thomburgh, and argent two bars
gules, for Broughton — Sir William Thornburgh,
of Hampsfield Hall, in Cartmel, having married
Elizabeth Broughton, daughter of Sir Thomas
Broughton, of Broughton Tower, about the end of
the reign of Henry VI. ; and over their heads this
inscription :— WI LLM. THORNBORROW
AND HIS WYFF. In the third light, a group
of monks kneeling, with their faces turned towards
the Thornburghs, the following names being over
their heads:— THOMAS HOGSON (Hodgson);
WILLM. BARAYE (Barrow) ; WILLM.
PURFOTT; ROGER THWAITES; GEORGE
FIS .... (perhaps Fishwick) — all but one Cart-
mel names. In the fourth or centre light are the
arms, as has always been supposed, of King Ed-
ward III., beautifully emblazoned (but which in
our day has been questioned, and reasonably too,
as will presently be fully stated), quartering the
arms of France, this king having been the first to
quarter the arms of France and England. In this
light are also the crucifixion, the Virgin Mary
kneeling, St. George and the dragon, St. John, and
St. Catherine with her sword and wheel, Fifth
THE EAST WINDOW. 35
light — the arms of William Mareshall the Elder,
Earl of Pembroke, founder of the Priory of St.
Mary at Cartmel — -parti per pale or et vert, a lion
rampant gules. Sixth light — the arms of William
Mareshall a second time.
On close examination of this Bowness Church
window it has been ascertained that the finely-
painted arms in the middle compartment, said to
be those of Edward III. by Nicholson and Burn,
and other antiquarians, are not the arms of that
king, there being (it is said) a label of three points
on the shield, which, if plain, would denote that
these were the arms of some Prince of Wales ;
and, if charged, then of some younger branch of
the royal family. There is too, other evidence
that these arms are not so early as the reign
of Edward III., or his immediate successors,
Richard II. or Henry IV., for King Henry V.
finding that Charles VI. of France had changed
the French arms from " fleurs de lis seine "
or scattered over the field, to " three fleurs de
lis " placed triangularly, two and one, did the
same in quartering them with the arms of England,
in which shape they have ever since been borne by
every succeeding sovereign of these realms up to
the accession of Queen Victoria, in whose reign
the fleurs de lis have never appeared in the royal
arms. As the large shield in the centre compart-
ment of the Bowness Church window has the three
36 THE EAST WINDOW.
fleurs de lis placed triangularly and not seme or
scattered over the field, it is clear that these arms
are not of an earlier date than Henry V.'s reign, and
are not of the time of Edward III., who, as before
said, first quartered the arms of France and Eng-
land; these fleurs de lis being then seme or scat-
tered over the field.
There are other arms on this window, chiefly of
Cartmel families, or families connected with them
by marriage, or donors to Cartmel Priory, such as
Middleton, Harrington, Redmayne, Fleming de
Rydal, Strickland, Leyland, and others ; but only
a few arms of Furness families.
The Thornburghs, of Hampsfield Hall, in Cart-
mel, were certainly a great and very ancient
knightly family, previous to the reign of Edward
III., and were knights of the shire for Westmor-
land, from time to time in the reigns of Edward
III., Richard II., Henry IV., Henry V., and after-
wards.
It is just possible that the table tomb in Cartmel
Church called the " Harrington monument " may
be the tomb of one of the Thornburghs, as the arms
on the knights shield and surcoat are nearly the same
as the arms of the Thornburghs of Hampsfield. In
Bowness Church window the effigy of Sir William
Thornburgh is in chain armour, the same as the
effigy on the table tomb in Cartmel Church.
"Annals of Cartmel" by James Stockdale, (page 224).
THE RESTORED EAST WINDOW, 37
flj* fUstorefr fest Mitttmto.
To all lovers of antiquities the idea of restoring
anything old and interesting is painful. It is there-
fore necessary to explain the reasons why this
curious collection of old glass was not allowed to re-
main undisturbed. These were briefly two ; the win-
dow was in a very unsafe state in 1870, and a new
Chancel could not be built without removing it.
Under these circumstances the Committee, chosen
by the Parish to restore the Church, consulted the
Secretary of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of
London, Mr. C. Knight Watson, who recommended
that the window should be put into the hands of
Mr. Henry Hughes, of Frith Street, Soho, London.
It was consequently taken down and sent to Lon-
don, where the whole work was completed under
the auspices of Mr. Watson, and other members of
the Society of Antiquaries. The leading principle
of the work was conservation, that is to say, great
pains were taken to preserve every morsel of old
work ; new glass was only put in where it was
absolutely necessary. It was also a rule never to
make up any imperfection without good authority
as to what should be done, nor to alter the arrange-
ments of the different parts of window for the sake
of artistic effect, so as to interfere with its original
character of being a combination of several old
windows brought together some time ago. As the
restoration was carried on, it was found necessary
38 THE RESTORED EAST WINDOW.
to put in more new glass than was at first contem-
plated. ¥ It was requisite to make it as complete
as possible as a work of art, and yet not to lessen
its antiquarian value. This difficulty was at last
solved by marking every piece of new glass with
Mr. Hughes's initials. By this means the new and
old can be readily distinguished, and certainly in
many parts of the window no antiquarian could tell
the one from the other if this had not been done.
The window may be divided for the purpose of
description into three parts. (1) The space above
the transom, which is chiefly occupied with arms,
(2) the large figures in the middle, (3) and the row
of small effigies below.
The Crucifixion.
Beginning with the large figures, we find that
those on the three central lights represent the
Crucifixion. This is of course the most important
part of the window, and it may be remarked that
we have here a representation of the great central
fact of the Christian faith, well fitted for a Christ-
ian Church. The object of the artist not having
been — as is too often the case — a portrait or pic-
ture of what occurred, but such a symbolical show-
ing forth, as it were, of the mysterious meaning
* As it was necessary to conserve rather than restore, the
difficulty was how to maintain its integrity, the introductions
being rather of the character of apologies for vacuity. — Mr.
Hughes's MS.
EAST WINDOW AND REREDOS AFTE.R RESTORATION,
rCii
THE RESTORED EAST WINDOW. 39
of the great Sacrifice, as is most fitted to fill the
minds of an assembly of worshippers with feelings
of love and awe ; in other words, to help them to
realise and feel that which no mere picture can
represent. The preciousness of the blood of Christ
is indicated by the attendance of Angels to receive
it from the five sacred wounds in golden chalices ;
and the freeness with which it was shed for our
sins, by the copious streams which are flowing so
conspicuously. The face of our Saviour and a
considerable part of the body have been restored,
as well as some portions of the Cross.
On the left of the Cross, the Blessed Virgin
Mary is represented standing, in a beautiful eastern
dress, Of this figure little has been restored but
the face. On the right is the youthful, almost
feminine, figure of S. John, which has undergone
considerable restoration ; only the lower part was
formerly anything like complete. The whole of
this group are placed upon a ground representing
Calvary ; herbage and stones, with a skull and
human bones, and rudely drawn trees (the conven-
tional foliage of which is covered with the sacred
blood), convey to the mind most effectively the
site of the great Sacrifice.
St. George and the Dragon.
On either side of the Crucifixion group are
placed, very appropriately, some of those who have
been the most glorious witnesses of its truth, some
40 THE RESTORED EAST WINDOW.
of the noble army of martyrs. Of the figures on
the left, S. George is of course best known as the
patron Saint of England. " With the name of
S. George is associated the memory of all that is
glorious in the martial annals of our country, when
the warcry of ' S. George for Merrie England '
was the signal of victory on the fields of Creci and
Agincourt ; and in earlier times when the flower
of British knighthood led the armies to the rescue
of the Holy Sepulchre of the Redeemer, the name
of S. George was their unfailing watchword." His
cross is emblazoned on our union flag to this day.
He was born in the year 303 in Cappadocia.
While he was a youth his father was killed, fighting
bravely againt the foes of Christ. S. George
soon became a soldier, and at the age of 20, in
consequence of his valour, was made a Count by
Diocletian. When the Emperor began the ninth
persecution, he put off his military habiliments,
made dole of his substance to the poor, and boldly
upbraided Diocletian for his cruelty. The Emperor
wooed him with great honours, but S. George con-
tinuing constant, he was imprisoned in irons with
a heavy stone on his breast. Then again he was
questioned, but made answer that sooner should the
Emperor be weary of tormenting him than he of
suffering. After various cruel tortures, in which
he was supported by divine aid, he was at length
beheaded. We are so familiar with quaint
THE RESTORED EAST WINDOW. 41
and sometimes ridiculous representations of " S.
George and the Dragon " that we are apt to think
of it as a foolish legend, and forget that it is a pic-
torial allegory of the Christians' warfare against
the " Old Serpent the Devil." S. George is the
" deliverer," his treading on the Dragon is a sym-
bolic representation of the " Victory of Faith over
Evil." He is supposed to wear the breastplate of
righteousness, and the sword of the Spirit, which
is the Word of God — signifying, in a word, the
victory of faith or holiness over the powers of evil.
This is one of the boldest and finest figures of the
series ; some parts have been restored, but the
whole strength and vigour of the drawing is original.
The whole outline has been preserved ; little more
than some of the colour of the S. George's Cross
on the breast and of the armour and dragon being
new ; also, the top of the helmet and some portion
of the leg and toe and bits of the foreground.
Saint Barbara.
The other figure on the left is S. Barbara. She
was also one of the early martyrs to the Truth, being
of the same century as S. George, and like him
associated with chivalry and arms. She was the
daughter of Dioscorus, an Egyptian nobleman, who
was so fond of her, and so afraid of her marrying
and leaving him, that he shut her up in a high
tower. There she spent her time in study ; and
becoming convinced of the falsity of the Egyptian
42 THE RESTORED EAST WINDOW.
Gods, she sent privately for the great father Origen,
who, being unable to go himself, sent one of his
disciples, by whom she was converted. By making
three windows in her tower, which she told her
father were emblamatical of the Trinity, she first
indicated her conversion. On her confession of
Christianity she was cruelly scourged and tortured
by her father, and finally beheaded. In the origi-
nal window only the lower part of this figure existed,
representing the dress of a female saint. One of
the reasons for believing that S. Barbara occupied
this space is the fact that she is often associated in
old glass of the period with S. Katherine, who is
placed on the opposite side of the window. Another
is that S. Barbara was, as before said, the patron-
ess, as S. George was the patron, of chivalry and
knighthood. In later times they have both been
supposed to patronise firearms and gunpowder.
Our artist has represented her bearing her usual
symbol, the tower with three windows.
Saint Katherine.
We must now leave the little known S. Barbara,
whose name is not retained in the calendar of our
Church, and go to the other side of the window,
where we shall find in the last light but one, the
well-known figure of the Saint with whom she is
so often associated, S. Katherine. This subject
has required but little restoration, her wheel, sword,
and martyr's crown were almost perfect, and the
THE RESTORED EAST WINDOW. 43
label was not much injured. This Saint has been
honoured from the earliest times as the patroness
of learning, theology, colleges, and education.
There are 51 churches in England dedicated to
her. She, like S. Barbara, was born in Egypt in
the earlier part of the fourth century. She was the
daughter of King Costis, and was celebrated from
her childhood for her acquirements in learning.
Having been at an early age converted to Christ-
ianity, she refused all offers of marriage, and gave
herself up to God. After the death of her parents,
the tyrant Maximin went to Alexandria and perse-
secuted the Christians, who would not sacrifice to
the gods. Katherine stood up in their defence,
confuted the arguments of learned philosophers
sent to convince her, and converted them to the
Christian Faith. These were burnt to death by the
tyrant, who was so struck with the beauty of Kath-
erine that he became her lover. She steadfastly
refused his offers, and he was so enraged that he
ordered her to be tortured between four wheels
armed with spikes revolving different ways. The
legend is that, as these instruments of torture were
preparing, lightning from heaven burned and shat-
tered them, killing the executioners with the flying
fragments. She was then taken beyond the city
walls, scourged and beheaded. Her body was
afterwards taken by the monks to the great monas-
tery on Mount Sinai.
44 the restored east window.
St. Stephen and St. Lawrence.
We have now done with the series of large fig-
ures, and will pass on to the four smaller ones in
line with them on the seventh or last light, on the
right hand side. The large figures just described
belong to the latter part of the 15th century, say
about 1480 ; but these smaller ones were executed
some 50 years earlier — that is to say, about 1430.
We shall complete the list of saints and martyrs
by taking the two lower figures first, as they
represent S. Stephen and S. Lawrence.
It is not necessary to say much about S. Stephen,
the proto-martyr, the first to die for the truth of
the Gospel, who was stoned to death probably in
the 34th year of our era. The stones in his left
hand, by which he is specially identified, may
easily be distinguished by means of an opera glass.
S. Lawrence is well worthy of remembrance by
Christians, as one of those early martyrs, by whom
the Church of Christ was built up and established.
Supposed to be a native of Spain, he was ordained
deacon by Sixtus the Second, Bishop of Rome,
and was afterwards made Archdeacon of the City.
In the year 258 the persecution under the Emperor
Valerian fell most severelv on the Christian bishops
and Sixtus was put to death. After this the
tyrant, thinking that S. Lawrence had charge of
the treasures of the Church, laid hands on him,
and bade him give them up, saying the God of the
THE RESTORED EAST WINDOW. 45
Christians was poor enough when he was on earth,
and that these Christians should be as poor as
their Master. S. Lawrence answered quietly,
' Yes, our Church is no doubt rich, none richer in
the world," and he begged for three days to get
everything in order. The respite was granted,
and he employed the time in collecting the widows,
the poor, the maimed, the sick, who were supported
or relieved by the Church's fund. The appointed
day arrived, and the Emperor came to the Church
to take possession of his treasures. But what was
his disgust when he saw what they were.
Behold," said S. Lawrence, " our riches ; they
are poor without, but rich within ; we have laid
up our treasures, where neither moth nor rust
doth corrupt." " What," replied the Emperor,
"dost thou mock us thus; dost thou desire a
martyr's death ; be it so ; but no speedy death
shall be thine. Thou shalt be broiled over a slow
fire." And so he was put to death, with his last
breath praying that the eyes of his torturers might
be opened. S. Lawrence is represented holding a
gridiron in his right hand, and a book in his left.
We have now done with the saints and martyrs
(so far as this window is concerned) men and
women who lived for Christ and died rather than
deny Him. It is well to remember that although
the profession of His Name does not now endanger
our lives, we are still daily liable to deny Him
before men.
46 the restored east window.
The Archbishops of Canterbury
and York.
We must pass on to the two figures above those
last described, who certainly ought to have been
saints, for they held the highest holy office in the
realm. For these two are the Archbishops of
Canterbury and York. They bear the pallium and
crosier characteristic of Archbishops. The one on
the right hand a blue pallium, characteristic of the
see of Canterbury ; the other a red one, which
identifies him with that of York. It is true that
this red pallium has very much puzzled the anti-
quaries, as its shape is quite unusual, but they
appear to have little or no doubt that it is a pallium,
and not a crossed stole or the border of a vestment,
as has been supposed. The crosses upon it dis-
tinguish it from anything else. For the sake of
those who know nothing about the subject, it
should be explained that the pallium or pall of an
Archbishop is really white with blue crosses upon
it. In the Romish Church it was, and is, sent by
the Pope to the Archbishops on their consecration,
and until they have received it they cannot perform
their functions. It was originally part of the Im-
perial habit, and was given to the Christian pat-
riachs by the Emperor of Rome as a mark of
Imperial honour. It was made of the wool of a
perfectly white sheep, blessed and dedicated on S.
Agnes's Day, at Rome, with much ceremony. The
THE RESTORED EAST WINDOW. 47
object of the artist here has been to indicate simply
and effectively the two sees of Canterbury and
York. For this purpose he has given the charac-
teristic colour of the arms of each to the most
important vestment of the Archbishops, the pall.
The most conspicuous colour of the Canterbury
arms is blue, that of York red. It seems that for
artistic purposes all kinds of liberties were taken
both with the colour and form of vestments. The
dress being white, it was necessary to use such
means as would mark the character required, by a
liberty allowed. If the pall had been white it
would have been white upon white, and therefore
indistinct. The croziers they bear are also charac-
teristic of Archbishops. It will be seen that these
are not the ordinary pastoral staffs or crooks carried
by many Church dignitaries, which are commonly
called croziers, but the true crosier or crossier of
an Archbishop.
We have now described all the window
below the transome. Although this part is made
up from two windows of different dates, it may be
considered as forming one group, and has been
arranged with no little care, and has considerable
merit both as regards religious and artistic feeling.
We have a general canopy extending across the
whole window, and underneath it, in the centre, a
representation of the Crucifixion, with the Blessed
Virgin and Beloved Disciple on either side of the
48 THE RESTORED EAST WINDOW.
Cross. On either side of this group are some of
the earliest and most distinguished witnesses and
martyrs to the truth of this great central fact of
our faith — S. Stephen, the protomartyr, S. Law-
rence, S. Katherine, S. George, S. Barbara ; and
with these, the two highest Church dignitaries of
the realm, the Archbishops of Canterbury and
York.
Beneath all, the ecclesiastical dignitaries of
the particular Church to which the window be-
longed, and some of its founders or most important
benefactors. There is, as before said, certain
evidence, from the artistic unity of the several
parts, that all this, with the exception of the four
small figures of the Archbishops, and S.
Stephen and S. Lawrence (which belong to an ear-
lier date), was originally designed, executed, and
arranged as it now stands. All appears to have
been grouped with the desire to represent Faith,
Suffering, and Martyrdom, in unity with the great
central Sacrifice.
That part of the window which is above the tran-
some is chiefly occupied bv coats of arms, but there
are besides these some interesting sacred subjects,
which are unfortunately placed so high that they
are liable to be overlooked. They can all, however,
be easily examined with an ordinary opera glass.
At the top of the second light on the left, is a tol-
erably perfect representation of our Saviour's
THE RESTORED EAST WINDOW. 49
entry into Jerusalem. He is placed above, and
there are spectators below, bearing palm branches.
At the top of the third light is, perhaps, the gem
of the window, a representation of the Blessed
Virgin and Child. This was once the whole or
part of a lancet or " Early English " window, and
its date is believed to be about the year 1260 — that
is to say, about 200 years earlier than the glass
below the transome. The Blessed Virgin is
represented crowned, sitting under a canopy, with
the Child on her arm ; her dress is fastened at
the breast with a brooch, bearing the letter M. on
its surface. This is a most valuable specimen of
the art of the period, and it is a pity that it is not
nearer to the eye, so that the beauty of some
details might be seen, such as that of the Virgin's
dress, and of the two falcons and squirrels which
are on either side of the border of the panel ; the
plumage of the birds is especially beautiful. Next
to this, towards the top of the fourth or centre
light, is a somewhat imperfect representation of
the Resurrection. Our Saviour is above the
centre. Below are two Roman soldiers, one
in a recumbent position lifting his visor with his
hand, the other standing. At the top of the last
light are several parts of designs which belong to
the time of the great central figures, but could
not have formed parts of these. One of them is a
large key, such as might have belonged to S. Peter;
50 THE RESTORED EAST WINDOW.
another represents the feet of Christ pierced with a
nail ; and there are two figures apparently playing
on musical instruments.
(The above account is taken from an account of the East
Window in a Book now out of print, by Frederick Clowes.)
m^ flan of fest Minoota.
The original stained-glass window consisted of
the Shield of the Prince of Wales in the central
light D., and also the lights H. I. K. L. M. and N.
down to the dotted line in each light.
Tracery.
A. — All modern, inserted at the restoration in 1870.
B. — In the upper part fragments of figures and
ornamental work, date about 1420-40.
Shields : No. 1. Gurney of Keswick. 2.
Evard or Everard. 3. Harrington. 4. The
same, impaling Frecton or Frecleton.
C. — In the upper part, the Virgin and Child, date
about 1300. Shields : No. 5. Harrington.
6. Bardesley, impaling Leybourne. 7.
Fleming of Rydale. 8. Fleming of Wath
quartering De-la-Mere.
Saint Barbara, but tnere aues uui a^om ^
have been any old authority for this. In
the lower part of the light at P is a small
KEY PLAN OF EAST WINDOW.
KEY PLAN OF EAST WINDOW. 51
D. — In the upper part, part of a subject, " The
Resurrection," under a canopy, date 1420-
40. Shields: No. 9, imperfect. 10. The
arms, within a garter, of Edward Plantage-
net, Prince of Wales, created Knight of the
Garter 1475, and with his brother murdered
in the Tower 1483, a few months after he
became King as Edward V.
E.— Shields : 11, Middleton of Leighton Hall.
12. Bale quartering Gurney. 13. De Roos
quartering Harrington. 14. Guies, 3 hand
mirrors argent (this coat cannot be identi-
fied). 15. Harrington. 16. Cartmel Priory.
17. Redman or Rudiman.
F. — Upper part, fragments of Canopy work, date
about 1360. Shields: 18. Redman. 19.
Framlingham. 20. Cartmel Priory. 21.
Freleton.
G. — Fragments.
The Lower Lights.
The upper part of H. I. L. M. and N. contains
Canopy work, all of the same date, i.e., 1480.
H. — A figure of S. Barbara. The panel H a is en-
tirely modern. It has been restored as
Saint Barbara, but there does not seem to
have been any old authority for this. In
the lower part of the light at P is a small
52 KEY PLAN OF EAST WINDOW.
figure of a Monk knelling, on a scroll above
WILLM PLO P'OR (Prior) OF
KYRKMEL.
I. — A figure of S. George. His armour is of the
period of Edward IV., about 1480. "At the
foot of the light at Q a Knight and Lady
kneeling, in Surcoats. The Knight's armour
is of the period of Henry VI., about 1430.
His arms are on his Surcoat. Ermine,
Fretty Gules (Thornburgh). The Lady
has Argent, 2 bars Gules (Broughton).
The figures represent Sir William Thorn-
burgh and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of
Sir Thomas Broughton of Broughton
Tower ; above on a scroll WILLM
THORNBORROW AND HIS WYFF.
K. L. and M. — " The Crucifixion." The subject
is taken through the three central openings,
the figure of our Lord in the centre with
the Virgin and St. John in the lights on
either side. Three Angels with chalices
catch the blood flowing from the wounds
in His side, His hands and His feet.
K. — In the bottom panel at R Monks kneeling
with their names above their heads.
THOMAS HOGSON. WILLYM
BARAYE. WILLM PURFUTT.
KEY PLAN OF EAST WINDOW. 53
ROGER THWAITES. GEORGE
FIS
L. — In the bottom panel at S a Knight and Lady
kneeling. There is a good deal of modern
glass in this panel. The arms on the
Knight's Surcoat appear to be " Reygate "
argent 3 fusils in fesse azure, the Lady's,
" Widdrington " Quarterly argent and gules
a bend sable.
M. — The bottom panel T is very imperfect and
to a great extent modern.
N. — A figure of St. Catherine crowned with her
emblems, a sword, and broken wheel. The
bottom panel T is very imperfect and
mostly modern.
O. — This light is made up of fragments, mostly of
the same date, 1420-40. In the centre are
small figures of 2 archbishops and 2 deacons
(St. Stephen and St. Lawrence). They
originally formed part of the tracery {i.e.,
the small upper lights) of a window.
Dates of the Different Paintings.
1300. — The earliest work is the figure of the Virgin
and Child in the piece marked C and the
two shields 16 and 20. The Chapel on the
South side of the Choir of Cartmel Church
54 KEY PLAN OF EAST WINDOW.
is of the same date (about 1300), and has
old glass of a similar character remaining in
some of the windows.
1360.— The five trefoils with shields 4, 8, 13, 17,
and 21, with the architectural canopy work
in F, are next in order. There are no
windows of this date in the present church
at Cartmel, but there might have been some
in the north aisle of the Nave where there
is now only a modern blank wall ; the
doorway which remains belongs to this
period.
1420-50. — The panels at the bottom of the window
and the light O belong to this date. The
north aisle of the Choir of Cartmel Church
has windows with old glass of a similar
character remaining in the tracery.
1480.— The shield of the Prince of Wales in D
and the whole of the lights H, I, K, L, M,
and N down to the small bottom panels are
of the date — Edward Duke of York was
created Prince of Wales in 1475 and became
King in 1483, so that the work must have
been executed sometime during those eight
years. That is just when Windermere
Parish Church was being re-built after
having been destroyed by fire. There is
no work of this date in Cartmel Church
KEY PLAN OF EAST WINDOW. 55
either in stone or stained glass — and every-
thing seems to point to this being actually
part of the original East window of this
Church.
The Author is indebted to Mr. Grylls, of London
for the above key and plan of the East Window,
and the late Mr. Frederick Clowes for his descrip-
tion of the " Restored East Window " from a book
now out of print.
** W>\jz Carrier's Jlrms" Uttttoota.
There is a piece of stained glass in a window of
the north side called "the Carrier's Arms," which are
a rope, a wantey hook, five packing pricks or
skewers, being the instruments which carriers use to
fasten their packing sheets together. When the
Parish Church had to be re-built, tradition says
there was a dispute amongst the Parishioners as
to whether it should be upon the old site or not.
This dispute was happily terminated by the gener-
ous offer of a carrier living in the Parish (perhaps
at Bowness) to bring the lead for the roof free of
charge on his pack-horses, on condition that the
Church should be built in the old place. In mem-
ory of this generous action, the emblems of his
business were inserted in stained glass in this
window.
56 THE "CARRIER'S ARMS" WINDOW.
The inscription reads as follows : —
•' THIS PIECE OF ANCIENT GLASS
KNOWN AS " THE CARRIERS ARMS,"
WAS, ACCORDING TO TRADITION,
PLACED IN THIS CHURCH AS A
MEMORIAL TO THE CARRIER WHO
GAVE AND CONVEYED THE LEAD
ON PACK-HORSES, GRATUITOUSLY
FOR THE ROOF IN RE-BUILDING
THE CHURCH IN THE EARLY PART
OF THE 16th CENTURY."
fUmarks ntt tfa ^.rt of (!Hass fainting.
By Henry Hughes.
At the request of the Antiquarian Society of
London and the Restoration Committee of S.
Martin's, Windermere (Bowness Church), I under-
took the restoration, or rather conservation, of the
East Window. The first aspect of the affair
seemed dismal, but as I had often experienced this
in the old damaged windows I had restored, I was
able to give an encouraging report. The greatest
difficulty lay in the want of a great portion of the
principal figure, that of Our Lord, and the upper
half of S. Barbara ; also parts of the Blessed
Virgin, S. John, S. George, and S. Lawrence ; and
as it was a question of conservation rather than
THE ART OF GLASS PAINTING. 57
restoration, it was perplexing what to do for the
best under the existing circumstances, which led
to considerable discussion with the Antiquarian
Society how best to carry out the work satis-
factorily. It was ultimately arranged that the
parts restored should be marked with my initials,
the original design would thus be completed, and
the considerable blanks which would otherwise
have been left, would be avoided. And whenever
the New Zealander comes to London Bridge he
may penetrate as far as Bowness, and finding
H.H." scratched upon the glass (supposing the
window remains in a suitable state for examina-
tion), he will probably consider them marks of
progress in the art of the nineteenth century, or
he may find it an interesting puzzle. The first
process in the work was to ascertion the original
intention as to general design or arrangement of
subjects, and if possible to bring the scattered parts
together. It was so disintegrated by time and
neglect that it would not hold together, and it was
therefore necessary to re-lead it as it was, in order
to have it placed in a position to study its character
and design ; then, after much study and considera-
tion, discoveries were made of various features in
it. The glass was separated and re-leaded, again
and again the same process was repeated, until the
whole was brought together in harmony, and the
amount of restoration necessary was revealed. In
58 THE ART OF GLASS PAINTING.
studying this window in its relation to other works
of art of the same epoch it presents most interesting
features, and especially we may contrast it with
the modern practice as a fitting decoration of a
of a Christian Church in its remarkable symbolistic
character. The principal subject, the Crucifixion
— represented by the simple figure of Our Lord on
the Cross, the Blessed Virgin, S. John, S. Kath-
erine, and S. Barbara — very superior in principle
to the plan of presenting a complicated crowd of
spectators as a tableau only. This representation
employing only what is essential to the object, faith,
and varied by different situations and seasons ; the
centre figures being those present at the great
sacrifice, the others, S. Katherme, S. George, and
S. Barbara, representing those who followed in
faith in their struggle with the world, following the
Apostles in the early Church. These few noble
figures being superior to numbers, as representing
the Church. This system was, I believe, under-
stood in the early times better than at present, and
the principle it would seem was lost soon after
this work was done, consequently this window
offers a most interesting example of one of the true
ideas of early art. It is interesting to notice the
connection between this work and the practice of
the early Church, as regards representing their
ideas by single or isolated figures from the time of
the catacombs of Rome, borrowed from the Greeks,
THE ART OF GLASS PAINTING. 59
who represented their ideas in a similar way many
centuries earlier, and when glass painting was first
practised it was designed very similarly. It was
designed for the most part after the manner of a
coarse mosaic, the use of the figures being a means
to an end, rather than the principal object, yet
maintaining an imposing effect of colour as far as
consistent with its symbolistic character. Whereas
in later times art partook of the feelings of its
epoch, as if were independent of the Church, and
invited more attention to the pose and character of
figures, till it often presented as its principal point
eccentric forms and colour, independent of any
teaching. The principal subject of this window
belongs to a period generally characterised by its
lower tone of colouring, and particularly the blue,
which in this example has an intensity nearly equal
to the thirteenth century glass. The pictures of
the twelth and thirteenth centuries, though some-
what inartistic, yet in brilliancy of colour (particu-
larly the blues and reds) were never after equalled,
indeed the chief reliance on the primaries and
secondaries; but afterwards the colours gradually
varied, by becoming lower in tone, until the end of
the sixteenth century.
It is particularly noticeable that as the material
itself presented a diminished intensity there were
added greater variety and scale of colour with the
tertiaries unknown in the thirteenth and fourteenth
60 THE ART OF GLASS PAINTING.
centuries. These new tones enabled the designers
of windows to make use of their qualities in
pictures having complicated foregrounds, forgetting
the principles which guided the works of a former
age, and leading them into a simulation of a mere
picture, or on the other hand, inviting admiration
for effect of material alone. And, singularly, we
find in this window a principle contrasting both in
design and colour with many works of the same
period, the figures being cut out or relieved on a
blue ground, flat and intense, not imitating sky, but
intense blue comparatively, with the simple symbolic
figures, which make it quite a work of itself, and
curious beyond any other in England ; the myster-
ious streams of blood marking the sacrifice in a
very effective manner, as also showing a power
over colour in a very simple yet grand style. I
may here mention the principle which should guide
a designer. It is this, that stained glass should be
so rendered as to form an auxiliary to the archi-
tecture with which it is united, rather than an
independent object of interest, and should be
employed so as to subdue the light which it trans-
mits, rather than as a means of displaying imitative
or academic art, which in the latter case is often
obtrusive ; and, of course, when employed in a
religious place, it ought to inspire pious or holy
feeling by its devotional character. One very
curious fact in this work in relation to its design,
THE ART OF GLASS PAINTING. 61
is the possession of such varied elements in its
construction ; that, in addition to the principal
subject, there are portions of glass of other dates
— of periods varying from the thirteenth to the
sixteenth century — forming no part of the original
design. There is a Blessed Virgin and Child of
the thirteenth century ; coats of arms of the four-
teenth ; and two pictures of the same period — Our
Lord's entry into Jerusalem and Resurrection ; and
it is the more interesting that such varied elements
should combine to produce an interesting whole.
Having visited and studied all the principal works
in glass both in England and on the Continent, I
am able to say that this, both in effect and interest,
stands quite unique. Some of the finest windows
of this date, say 1480 — but which period extended
from 1380 to 1530 — it may be mentioned, are
King's College Chapel, Cambridge ; the Church at
Fairford ; S. Neot's, Cornwall; New College,
Oxford ; Malvern Priory ; Lichfield, Gloucester,
and Winchester Cathedrals; and on the Continent,
Cologne, Augsburg, Brussels, and the Churches of
Liege, and at Gouda in Holland, the latter being
the latest. Soon after this the material failed,
when they resorted to enamel colours to help them,
as may be seen at Lincoln's Inn Chapel and Christ
Church, Oxford, until the art was lost. Thanks
are due to the late Mr. Winston, for his researches
and analysis of old glass, this art has been brought
62 THE ART OF GLASS PAINTING.
within the range of possibility of recovery, the only
impediment in the way at present being the exig-
encies of modern times which demand such various
treatment —often the whims of individuals inter-
fering and militating sadly with the principles which
ought to govern — some demanding blue, others red,
or a simulation of a bygone character or period,
with its high or low tone, so that true principle is
quite neglected. It is very refreshing to look at
such a work as the window in S. Martin's, Win-
dermere.
WLinbtvmtvt partsb OLIjurrlj opiate.
By the Rev. Canon Rawnsley.
The terrier of 1778 at Chester mentions only
A SILVER CUP AND COVER,
though, doubtless, then as now, there were also
pewter vessels. The plate now consists of an
ancient silver cup and cover, a modern silver cup,
silver flagon, and two silver patens, a pewter flagon
and two pewter dishes.
The ancient cup and cover, of old York silver,
are remarkable for beauty of shape and simplicity
of design. The cup is 8 inches high, 4f diameter
at top and the same at base ; depth of bowl 4
SILVER CHALICE AND PATEN. DATED 1684.
WINDERMERE PARISH CHURCH PLATE. 63
inches ; weight, 13oz. 3dwt. The bowl, a flat-
bottomed cylinder, is on a stem of hour-glass pat-
tern, with a heavy knop standing out well all round,
on which is an engraved band of conventional
lilies running from left to right, with three breaks
in it which shew clustered lilies ; and above,
divided into three by the lily pattern, runs round in
cursive the words : —
' This plaite belonges to the Parish Church of
Windermer 1684."
It has three marks : — 1, Maker's initials W. B.
in double quatrefoil, probably identical with the
mark on a cup of 1681-2 at St. Lawrence, York
(O.E.P., p. 77) : 2, Fleur-de-lis dimidiating a
crowned rose in circular stamp ; 3, Italic small z,
York date letter for 1682-3. The cover, now used
as a paten, is 5i inches in diameter, with button or
foot 1 inch high and 2i inches diameter ; weight
5oz. It has a band of lilies round the volute of
the rim, and W. B.'s York marks, but the date
letter is too worn to be intelligible.
The Silver Chalice and Paten.
The modern silver cup, 7| inches high, weighs
9oz. 7dwt. ; the silver flagon, 9f inches high, weighs
16oz. 3dwt. ; the silver paten, 6f inches in diameter,
weighs 4oz. 3dwt. 12gr. On each of these vessels
are London marks for 1871-2, and the sacred
monogram.
64 CASE FOR CHAINED BOOKS.
(&a%z for (!LIjanu0 Iiooks.
This case was placed in the Church in 1908 by a
few personal friends in memory of the late Mr.
Dan Gibson — architect of the Church Room — who
attended the Church for many years.
This case contains a valuable copy of a Bible
dated 1608 known as the Breeches Bible " in
consequence of the translators having substituted
the word ' breeches " in the 7th verse of the 3rd
chapter of Genesis for the word "aprons." This
Bible is bound with brass corners, which have
evidently been made use of to affix chains of the
Reformation period.
On the page opposite the Title-page is a record
of the ownership of this Bible as follows but
written in old English. ' This Bible was printed
in 1608 and bought by Willam Jackson of Kendal
in 1620. Henry Rowlandson my grandfather
bought in 1620 and kept it 50 years, gave it to my
father in 1671, who kept it 62 years. In 1733 my
father John Rowlandson died being aged 99 years
and 6 months and gave to me his son, Henry Row-
landson, this Bible. I pray God to give me grace
to read, mark, learn and understand that I may live
to praise and glorify His Name, and by the assist-
ance of His good Spirit to the saving of my soul
for Jesus Christ his sake."
On the 2nd shelf of this case will be found two
large chained-books — one entitled "A Paraphrase
CASE FOR CHAINED BOOKS. 65
of the Gospels " by Erasmus, written in the reign
of Henry VIII, dated 1516. In the preface he
wrote " I wish the weakest woman should read the
Gospels, and I wish they were translated into all
languages so that the husbandman should sing
portions of them to himself as he follows the
plough, that the weaver should hum them to the
to the tune of the shuttle and that the traveller
should beguile with their stories the tedium of his
journey."
In 1547, in the reign of Edward VI. the Injunc-
tions were issued providing the commissions to see
that Bibles, together with the Pharaphases of
Erasmus on the Gospels, were provided in each
Church in the Kingdom.
The other book on the same shelf also with
chains affixed belonging to the Reformation Period
is Bishop Jewel's " Apology for the Church of
England," published in the year 1562, which was
a triumphant exposure of the pretensions of the
Church of Rome. On the accession of Queen
Elizabeth, Jewel was appointed Bishop of Salis-
bury. His great controversial ability made him
the foremost Churchman of the age, but the
demands of a great controversy wore out his
strength, so that he died in 1571, aged 49.
There is also in this case two Books of Homilies
one said to have been composed by Cranmer,
Latimer, and Ridley, this book was ordered to be
66 CASE FOR CHAINED BOOKS.
read in Churches instead of a sermon — the other
Book of Homilies was compiled by Bishop Jewel
(who published the famous Apology for the Church
of England in 1562) in 1563, and this book was for
several successive reigns placed by Royal Com-
mand in every Church in the land for the
instruction of the people.
The Pewter Flagon.
The pewter flagon, a very fine vessel, lOi" inches
high to lid, 4f diameter at mouth, stands on a most
substantial base, of 9 inches diameter, thrice
voluted, and weighs 51bs., 12oz. 19dwt. It has the
following five marks : — 1, a buckle; 2, a horse's
head couped ; 3, an arm embossed, surmounted by
a crown ; 4 and 5, first and second marks repeated.
Of the two pewter dishes, both in excellent pres-
ervation, one 13 inches in diameter and weighs lib.
2oz. 9dwt. The larger is marked with (l) a coat
of arms on a shield, three griffins heads erased, per
chevron engrailed, with the name '' S. Duncomb "
beneath, and (2) a primrose between two sprays
of foliage. The word " London," on a scroll
beneath, links the two stamps. The smaller
dish is marked with a stamp in which rising
out of ducal crown is a horse's jamb in shaped
shield ; above the shield are cross staves under-
neath a crown, and beneath is the word " London."
There are in addition to the stamp four marks : —
RUNIC CROSS IN CHURCHYARD.
CASE FOR CHAINED BOOKS. 67
1, Leopard's head uncrowned; 2, Jamb in shaped
shield (?) ; 3, Griffin's head erased ; 4, S. D. in a
shield.
(Ferguson, R. S. — Old church plate in the dio-
cese of Carlisle.)
®Ij* Cljurdj-lartr.
The Churchyard is bordered on the South and
West by some stately Yew Trees varying in age,
it is said, from 200 to 700 years.
A handsome Runic Cross may be seen with the
following inscription This Cross was erected in
the year of our Lord, 1903 in grateful remembrance
of the declaration of Peace in South Africa, and in
memory of those who fought and fell for their
Sovereign and Empire."
The Lych Gate is a fine specimen.
On a Gravestone at the East End of the Church-
yard there is a curious inscription, it runs as
follows : —
" In memory of Thomas Ullock who died 19th
of Oct., 1791, aged 75 years."
" Poor Tom came here to lie
From Battles of
Dettigen and Fontenoy
in 1743 and 1745,"
68 THE CHURCH-YARD.
There is an epitaph on a tombstone, also at the
East End of the Church-yard, placed to the
memory of an Abyssinian Slave who died in 1822.
" A Slave by birth I left my native Land
And found my freedom on Britannia's Strand
Blest Isle ! Thou Glory of the Wise and Free
Thy Touch alone unbinds the chains of Slavery."
$\)t |3arisfj.
The name Windermere (anciently written
Winandermere) may be derived from a Celtic
word meaning ' the clear ancient lake," or it may
have received its name, in ancient times, from a
person of the name of Winder or Wynander.
Windermere Parish' Church was originally only
a chapel of ease under Kendal Church, and in token
of subjection the Rector pays to this day an annual
pension of 13s. 4d. to the Vicar of Kendal being
the sum anciently paid to St. Mary's Abbey, York.
In 1535 it appears to have been a distinct parish
for in that year the Rectory is valued in the King's
Books at £24- 6s. 8d.
In 1849 the parish was ten miles in length and
three in breadth, and was bounded on the north by
the parish of Grasmere and on the east by that of
Kendal. The Church is in the Gothic and Norman
THE PARISH 69
style of architecture and when erected about the
year 1485 King Richard III. granted a warrant
for five marks {£?> 6s. 8d.) towards the building.
The Old School was built by subscription in
1637, and the present school occupies a pleasant
and healthful situation, built in 1836 by John
Bolton, Esq., of Storrs Hall, who died in 1837, and
who lies buried in the Churchyard where a hand-
some tablet is raised to his memory. The Girls'
and Infant Schools were built in the life time of
Canon Stock.
Storrs Hall stands in a picturesque situation
and was built by Sir John Legard, but was greatly
improved by Mr. John Bolton, it is now used
as an Hotel.
Calgarth Hall was for many generations held
by the Phillipson family and is one of the oldest
houses in the county, now a farm house.
In 1789, Dr. Watson, the worthy Bishop of
Llandaff, commenced building his beautiful seat
called Calgarth Park, and is now held by Major
C. G. Watson, late of the Royal Artillery.
Curwen's Island now also called " Belle Isle "
contains 27 acres and formerly had a neat house in
the centre of it, which in the Civil Wars stood a
ten days siege. A round house now stands in the
centre of the Island and is still occupied by the
Curwen family.
70 THE PARISH.
Rayrigg, situate about half a mile from the
Church is now in the possession of The Rev. Hugh
Fleming. The house is about the same age as the
Rectory and has been occupied by the Fleming
family for many years.
There are several tombstones and one memorial
window in the Church in memory of various
members of this ancient family.
The Church Room is a well built edifice costing
over a /"1000, to perpetuate the memory of the late
Rector (Canon Stock). The foundation stone was
laid by Sir William Forwood in 1907 and was
"opened" in 1908.
It is heated by hot water and lighted by electric
light.
The Rectory is one of the oldest houses in
Westmorland. Nicholson and Burn in their History
of Westmorland, published in 1777, in describing
the Parsonage House or Hall, say " part of it
was rebuilt by Mr. Richard Archer, formerly fellow
of Queen's College in Oxford, rector thereof and
another part by Mr. William Wilson of the said
College, and it hath received considerable im-
provements by the present worthy Rector Mr.
Giles Moore."
THE RECTORY. 71
The date 1416 has been found carved in oak in
the kitchen which is the oldest part of it.
From the above it may be gathered the approxi-
age of the present Rectory, viz. —
Built in 1416.
Partly rebuilt by Rev. Richard Archer, 1650.
Partly rebuilt by Rev. William Wilson, 1680.
Improved by Rev. Giles Moore, 1770.
Added to by Rev. Canon Stock, 1857.
Improved by Rev. Euston J. Nurse, 1905.
The Porch and old chimneys are characteristic
of many of the old houses in the county. The
interior is now fitted up with modern conveniences
such as the electric light, telephone, and is heated
by hot water radiators.
In 1770 the Rectory was described as " the only
respectable building in the place."
W$t "fovtooob" JKnrtflrial min&ohr.
This window placed in the church in 1907 by
Sir William Forwood as a Thank-offering for 40
happy summers spent on the shores of Lake
Windermere.
The subject is the " Te Deum" — We praise
Thee, O God. Angels are depicted holding scrolls
in their hands inscribed, To Thee all angels cry
aloud ; the Heavens and all the Powers therein "
"Thou art the King of Glory, O Christ."
72 THE "FORWARD" MEMORIAL WINDOW.
The inscription is, " To the glory of God — A
Thank-offering 1866-1906 by Sir William Forwood,
Knt."
" The glorious company of the Apostles praise
Thee."
The following Apostles are depicted in the left
light of the window.
S. Peter with Keys S. Andrew with Cross
S. John with Cup S. Philip
S. Bartholomew S. Thomas
S. Simon with Saw S. Matthew
S. Jude S. Mathias
S. James the Great, praying S. James the Less with Club
" The goodly fellowship of the Prophets Praise
Thee."
The following Prophets are represented in the
right light of the window.
David with Harp Ezekiel
John the Baptist kneeling Moses with Tablets of Stone
Isaiah Isaac
Solomon crowned Abraham with Knife
Aaron with Rod Jeremiah
" The noble army of Martyrs Praise Thee."
S. Paul praying S. Oswald with Spear
S. Stephen with Stones S. Cecilia with Organ Pipes
S. Katherine with Wheel S. Lawrence
S. George in Armour with S. Kentigen
Spear
" The Holy Church throughout the world praise
Thee."
S. Martin kneeling with S. Geraint with Spear
Crozier
THE "FORWARD" MEMORIAL WINDOW. 73
S. Edward the Confessor S. Columba
as King
S. Etheldreda kneeling S. Anthony
S. Aidan
The Martyrs and the Holy Church are depicted
in the lower portion of the window.
CLttrates of the f)arislj Cljmxlj.
1846-50
1850-52
... The Revs. R. P. Graves
and W. Bryans
... The Revs. R. P. Graves
and R. Burrow
1852-53
... The Revs. R. P. Graves
and T. Phibbs.
1853-55
The Rev. H. J. Wilkinson
1855-57
The Rev. F. Haden Cope
1863-68
... The Rev. H. W. Snell
1869-70
The Rev. R. Fowler
1870-76
1876-77
... The Rev. F. A. Bright
... The Rev. A. B. Tarbutt
1878-79
... The Rev. Trevor Parkins
1879-85
1885-92
The Rev. S. A. K. Sylvester
... The Rev. F. Brownson
1893-95
The Rev. C. A. W. Robins
1895-97
... The Rev. H. E. Stevens
1898-1902 ..
... The Rev. J. T. Ashworth
1903-05
The Rev. J. Sinker
1905-06
The Rev. H. J. Shaw
1906
1907-8
... The Rev. B. I. Rylands
... The Revs. B. I. Rylands
and F. W. Clayton
74 CURATES OF THE PARISH CHURCH.
The Rev. R. M. Samson, Headmaster of
Hawkshead Grammar School, acted as one of the
Assistant Clergy from 1885 to 1905.
The Rev. H. W. Snell, is now Vicar of All
Saints, Blackheath.
The Rev. F. A. Bright is now Vicar of Caterham
Surrey.
The Rev. S. A. K. Sylvester is now Vicar of
Roby, Liverpool and Honorary Canon of Liverpool
Cathedral.
The Rev. F. Brownson is now Rector of
Compton-Greenfield, near Bristol.
The Rev. C. A. W. Robins is now Vicar of
Hendford, near Yeovil.
The Rev. J. Sinker is now Vicar of Burneside,
near Kendal.
JEural tabids in ilje (Kljnrdj.
Tablets on the North Aisle wall have been
placed to the following : —
Captain Mark Beaufoy, of the Coldstream
Guards, who served at the Battle of Waterloo,
died in 1854, aged 60 years.
Juliana Robinson, died 1839.
Medley Silvester Grimston, and Frances
Grimston, his wife, died at Storrs in 1801.
Barbara Fleming, daughter of Fletcher
Fleming, of Rayrigg, in 1817, aged 61 years.
MURAL TABLETS IN THE CHURCH. 75
Fletcher Raincock, A.M., son of the Rev.
W. Raincock, A.M., who died in 1840.
The Rev. John Fleming, A.M. of Rayrigg,
died 1835
Jane Fleming, died at Rayrigg in 1828.
The Rev. Fletcher Fleming, Rector of
Grasmere, died at Rayrigg in 1876.
Catherine Emily Fleming, wife of the
Rev. Fletcher Fleming, died at Rayrigg in 1878.
Barbara Fleming, daughter of the Rev. John
Fleming, died at Rayrigg in 1897, in the 90th
year of her age.
Jane Isabella Fleming, daughter of John
Fleming, died at Rayrigg in 1902, in the 94th
year of her age.
The Hon. Elizabeth Carpenter, widow
of Captain the Hon. Charles Carpenter, her son
George, Earl of Tyrconnel, was A.D.C. to Field-
Marshal the Duke of York and died at Wilna in
1842.
William Suart, for 29 years Parish Clerk
of Windermere died in 1869.
There are Tablets on the South Aisle Wall
placed to the memory of the following : —
Robert Allan, of Ferney Green died 1818,
aged 72 years.
76 MURAL TABLETS IN THE CHURCH.
Mrs. D. Metcalfe, of Old England, died
1842, aged 88 years.
Frederick Marwood (Barrister) died 1824,
aged 27 years.
Robert Greaves, J. P., of Ferney Green,
died 1840, aged 70 years.
Hannah Greaves, of Ferney Green, died
1862, aged 86 years.
John Braithwaite, of Orrest Head, died
1854. He added an aisle to St. Mary's Birth waite,
now called St. Mary's, Windermere.
Mrs. Braithwaite, of Orrest Head, who left
^"2000 to found a scholarship at St. John's College,
Cambridge, for boys born in Windermere.
John Braithwaite, of Orrest Head, died
1818, aged 69 years.
Elizabeth Braithwaite, of Orrest Head,
died 1838, aged 84 years.
William Braithwaite, of Orrest Head, died
1805, aged 31 years.
John Braithwaite, of Orrest Head, died
1854, aged 72 years.
Daniel Bellasis, died 1874, aged 54 years.
James Bryans, J.P., of Belfield, died 1863,
aged 60 years.
MURAL TABLETS IN THE CHURCH. 77
On one of the Pillars of the South Aisle, Tablets
are inscribed as follows : —
Thomas Dixon, of Orrest Head, died 1691,
aged 65 years.
Magnus Jackson, died 1830.
William Satterthwaite, died 1750, aged
73 years.
Margaret Satterthwaite, died 1751, aged
73 years.
Isabel Satterthwaite, died 1757, aged 38
years.
On the South Chancel Aisle Wall is a Tablet
put up to the memory of
Bishop Watson, of Llandaff, who died in
1816 aged 79, and Dorothy Watson, his wife, who
died in 1831 aged 81 years.
On the West Wall there are Mural Tablets to
the memory of
JOSIAH BROWN, of Orrest Head, who died in
1801, aged 72 years.
Henry G. Poulett Thompson, aged 14
years, who was lost with all the crew of His
Majesty's Brig " Recruit " in a severe gale of
wind on the passage from Halifax to Bermuda, in
1832.
78 MURAL TABLETS IN THE CHURCH.
Sophia Poulett Thompson, died at Belfield
in 1834.
Andrew John Poulett Thompson, died
in 1836.
Andrew Henry Poulett Thompson,
drowned in the River Thames by the upsetting of
a boat in 1839.
%\)t IBdiasts JEnttorial Minboto
(the west window in south aisle).
The principal theme in this window is that
contained in the two central lights " The Parable
of the Lilies." The two outer subjects, represent-
ing Our Lord in His command to His disciples to
" Search the Scriptures," which tends to produce
faith, the points of which are shewn in the right-
hand light, where the Centurion believes the
Saviour's words as to the healing of his (the
Centurion's) servant, and these two incidents were
chosen as representing the personal characteristics
of the man to whose memory the window is
dedicated. The subjects are framed by rich
architectural canopies and leaves of white and gold
upon ruby backgrounds with angels holding scrolls
charged with appropriate quotations. The dedica-
2 ui
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THE BELLASIS MEMORIAL WINDOW 79
tion sentence at the base runs as follows — " To
the Glory of God and in memory of Major-General
John Brownrigg Bellasis, born at Waterside,
Bowness, Windermere, August I2th, 1806, died
10th March, 1890, and of Louisa his wife ; also of
Charlotte Agnes Bellasis of the same place who
died at Montreux, Vaud, Switzerland, 29th Decem-
ber, 1894. This window is dedicated by Herbert
Inglefield Bellasis, son and husband respectively of
the above."
This window is by the same hand as the Watson
Memorial, T. Curtis, (Ward & Hughes) and has the
same characteristics.
€\jt Canon %totk (&ift-Wmboba.
EAST END SOUTH AISLE.
This window placed in the Church by the late
Rector, Canon Stock, is intended to illustrate new
phases of the ministerial office, and has in the
first light represented the Baptism of Our Lord by
St. John, referring to the Sacrament of Baptism.
The next subject typifies preaching by Our Lord's
Sermon on the Mount. The care of the poor and
destitute by the feeding of the multitude, and Holy
Communion by the Institution of the Last Supper
by Our Lord. The subjects are framed by canopies
80 THE BELLASIS MEMORIAL WINDOW.
and leaves, scrolls in the latter charged with appro-
priate texts. The dedication at the sill of the
window says thus — " To the Glory of God this
window was dedicated by Edward P. Stock,
Rector of this Parish, A.D., 1892."
The window is the work of the same artist
T. F. Curtis (Ward & Hughes) who executed the
Watson Window in the same aisle.
%\}t Watson jJtnnorial WLinbobj
(in south aisle).
This window has for its theme rather a remark-
able composition which was evolved by the late
Christopher Knight Watson, Secretary of the
Royal Society of Antiquaries, donor of the work,
and points out in the most forcible way the
connection between the Old and New Testament,
more especially respecting Our Blessed Lord's
advent upon earth. The upper series of figures
are those of the four Evangelists, Saints Matthew,
Mark, Luke, and John, who each bear scrolls
charged with a Text from their own Gospels, in
connection with the Saviours Godhead and Man-
hood. Each Evangelist has his appropriate
symbol, as described in the Revelation of St. John
the Divine — St. Matthew, the Angel — St. Mark, the
-i ui
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THE WATSON MEMORIAL WINDOW. 81
Lion — St. Luke, the Bull — and St. John, the Eagle.
The lower series of figures represent the four
major prophets, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel and
Daniel, and as with the upper series, hold scrolls
charged with sentences from their prophesies
connected with the Lord's coming and His purpose
of redemption. The connecting link between the
two rows of figures comes in with the words upon
the important scroll running right across the centre
of the window is held by angels and which says
" In Vetere Testamento Novum Testa-
mentum Latet; in Novo Testamento Vetus
Testamentum Patet."
" The Teaching of the New Testament lies
hidden in the Old Testament; that of the Old
Testament is brought to light in the New Testa-
ment," or in other words 'The New Testament is
the complement of the Old."
In accordance with the late character of the
stone work of the window the framing of the
figures is bound by rich Perpendicular canopies of
white and gold upon ruby background, at the head
of the window runs the dedication — " To the glory
of God and in loving memory of Lt. Col. Charles
Edward Watson, J. P. D. L. late Royal Fusiliers
of Calgarth Park, Westmorland, born 4th June,
1823, deceased 7th January, 1894, and of Louisa
his wife, born 11th April, 1843, deceased 14th
August, 1888, also of William Luther Watson late
82 THE WATSON MEMORIAL WINDOW.
S. Lancashire Regiment, born 4th November,
1862, deceased 18th February, 1896, being respect-
ively a grandson, grand-daughter, and great-grand-
son of the Right Rev. Richard, Lord Bishop of
Llandaff, this window is dedicated by their brother,
brother in law, and father respectively, Christopher
Knight Watson of Calgarth Park aforesaid.
" May they rest in peace..' " Right dear in the
sight of the Lord is the death of His saints."
The window is the work of Thomas F. Curtis
(Ward & Hughes) of 67, Frith Street, Soho Square,
London, and is a fine example of ecclesiastical art
of a high standard of merit. The drawing and
painting being graceful and delicate while the
colour is very soft and harmonious.
Wht i&lomtz ffltmoxial WLinbom.
The Window in the South Aisle in which are
represented eight acts of mercy is a memorial to
Frederick Clowes.
They are illustrated as follows :
Feeding the Hungry.
Giving drink to the Thirsty.
Clothing the Naked.
Taking in the Stranger.
Succouring the Sick.
Visiting in Prison.
Comforting the Widow.
Receiving the Orphans.
LM
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THE CLOWES MEMORIAL WINDOW. 83
These acts of kindness and consideration to our
fellow-creatures specially commended by Our Lord
in His Sermon on the Mount in the 25th. chapter
of St. Matthew's Gospel, and which will receive
special recognition at His Second Advent, give a
great opportunity of expression and tender feeling
in the composition and grace of the drawing of the
human figures.
A glance at the bottom left-hand subject of tend-
ing the sick will illustrate well, what it is here
attempted to convey. The framing is of the same
architectural character as the "Watson Window"
and has been composed to harmonise with it as a
fitting companion-window. At the base is a de-
dication running thus : — " To the Glory of God
and in loving memory of Frederick Clowes, of
Holly Hill, Windermere, who departed this life
Feb. 25th, 1894, aged 76 years, dedicated by his
Widow."
This window is by the same hand who executed
the " Watson" "Stock" and "Bellasis" Windows,
in the South Aisle viz., T. Curtis (Ward & Hughes)
65, Frith Street, Soho Square, London, W.
THE END.
Printed by Boynton & Marshall, Old Art School,
Bowness-on- Windermere .
THE " ATTOCK " WINDOW.
JESUS AMONG THE DOCTORS IN THE TEMPLE
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